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Cosmetics (colloquially known as makeup or make-up) are care substances used to enhance the appearance or odor of the human body. They are generally mixtures of chemical compounds, some being derived from natural sources, many being synthetic.

In the U.S., the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) which regulates cosmetics, defines cosmetics as "intended to be applied to the human body for cleansing, beautifying, promoting attractiveness, or altering the appearance without affecting the body's structure or functions." This broad definition includes, as well, any material intended for use as a component of a cosmetic product. The FDA specifically excludes soap from this category.

Cosmetics produced or distributed for retail sale to consumers for their personal care are required to bear an ingredient declaration  Cosmetics not customarily distributed for retail sale, e.g., hair preparations or make-up products used by professionals at their establishments and skin cleansing or emollient creams used at places of work, are exempt from this requirement provided these products are not also sold to consumers. Cosmetics need not be sterile, however, they must not be contaminated with microorganisms which may be pathogenic, and the density of non-pathogenic microorganisms should be low. In addition, cosmetics should remain in this condition when used by consumers. Some cosmetics, i.e., those containing more than about 10% ethanol, propylene glycol, glycerol, etc., and cosmetics in self-pressurized containers, are usually self-preserving and are not likely to become contaminated with microorganisms.